Starting July 1, Kazakhstan begins living under a new Constitution. This constitutional reform is the seventh in a row, but the most extensive in the history of independence — 84% of the text has been revised. Kursiv analyzed the draft of the new Constitution of Kazakhstan and compiled the main innovations. This was reported by Qazaqyia.kz citing Kursiv Media.

The main innovation is the abolition of the Senate and Majilis. Kazakhstan abandons the bicameral structure and transitions to a unicameral parliament, which has received the historical name Kurultai.

A completely new institution will appear in the political system of Kazakhstan — the Qazaqstan Halyq Kenesi. This will be the main advisory body composed of ordinary citizens, tasked with promoting national values, strengthening unity, and gaining the right to directly introduce bills into the new parliament.

Requirements for future leaders of the state will become stricter. In addition to the standard set (age from 40, higher education, birth in Kazakhstan, and 15 years of residence in the country), a mandatory qualification is added: at least 5 years of experience in public service or elected positions.

The institution of guarantees for the outgoing head of state has also undergone important changes. Now these norms are enshrined directly in the Constitution (Article 48), but in a much stricter and narrower format than before.

If previous legislation had a separate law "On the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan — Elbasy," which extended immunity and protection not only to the ex-head of state but also to his family members, the new version completely changes this approach. The special law has been repealed, and constitutional guarantees are now exclusively personal — they apply only to the president himself and do not extend to his relatives. The Constitution guarantees the ex-president immunity from administrative and criminal prosecution for decisions made during his tenure. The only exception is high treason — in this case, immunity does not apply.

The state significantly tightens control over foreign money. New restrictions are added to the previous ban on foreign funding of parties:

At the same time, the Constitution adapts to the 21st century. Protection of personal deposits, correspondence, and calls now officially extends to digital technologies and messengers, and the archaic mention of "telegraph" has been removed from the text.

The word "free" has disappeared from articles on healthcare and education. Now the formulations read: "citizens have the right to receive medical care that is not paid for by them, as established by law" and "citizens are guaranteed primary and secondary education in state educational institutions. Primary and secondary education are compulsory."

This provision caused a wave of indignation among Kazakhstanis. However, the government assured that no one plans to cut budgets: officials merely brought terminology in line with reality, since these services have always been paid for by taxpayers.

In law enforcement and civil spheres, the balance shifts towards state security.

Thus, the large-scale constitutional reform significantly updates the legal and political system of the country. The transition to a unicameral Kurultai, the emergence of the Halyq Kenesi, and the introduction of the "Miranda rule" are aimed at modernizing governance and adapting legislation to modern digital realities.