Data centres are giant, warehouse-like buildings that power virtually all our internet activity, from web searches and emails to movie downloads and online banking. They are at the heart of the AI boom, housing the advanced computer chips and servers needed to run services like ChatGPT and Claude. This was reported by Qazaqyia.kz citing BBC News.
There are about 12,250 data centres around the world, according to Data Center Map, a company that tracks both operational and pre-operational sites. That's up sharply from 2021, when there were around 8,000 operational sites. Data centres are most densely clustered in the US, which has 4,767 sites. It is followed by Europe, where the UK and Germany lead.
Data centres have typically been located near to cities where it's easier to access high voltage power lines or water resources for cooling. But as they get bigger, more are being built in rural areas. When it comes to actual capacity, the US is ahead by a much larger margin, with China in second place and Europe lagging far behind.
The world's largest operational data centre is widely reported to be one run by China Telecom in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, covering an area of approximately one million square metres (10.7 million sq ft). That is equivalent to about 140 Fifa football pitches.
However, much larger sites are under construction. All these sites are being built exclusively to provide the immense computing power needed to run AI services. For instance, Colossus 2, which is part of the wider Colossus campus, will house hundreds of thousands of advanced AI chips made by tech giant Nvidia. It will also be used to train xAI's chatbot Grok. Elon Musk's company will use 41 methane gas turbines to help power the site, which activists say could "significantly increase" local air pollution. Local regulators say the turbines will meet air quality standards.
The pressure data centres put on local resources has sparked increasing concern. These facilities can use significant amounts of water to cool their systems, which could lead to water shortages, some experts say. Data centres worldwide are also thought to consume more electricity than the whole of France. This growing hunger for power is driving up carbon emissions, while putting pressure on local grids, which some fear could push up energy prices.
Some 16 US states have proposed laws to ban or temporarily block new facilities, and it could be a key issue in November's midterm elections. Outside the US, opposition to data centres has emerged in countries like Mexico, France, Indonesia and the UK.
But supporters say data centres are critical to national security and the development of AI. They also say they are good for the economy, attracting investment, generating tax revenue and creating jobs in areas like construction. A recent report by the Brookings Center suggests data centres do create local jobs, although fewer than industry advocates claim. The type of data centre matters too. So-called hyperscale facilities - massive sites owned and run by tech giants like Amazon and Microsoft - have a bigger positive effect on jobs, it found.