When Iraq's football team qualified for the World Cup at the end of March, Abdulla Adnan bought tickets for his country's matches against Norway and France, which will be played in the US cities of Boston and Philadelphia this month. This was reported by Qazaqyia.kz citing BBC News.
"To go to a match, a stadium, a crowd, cheering, and see my team - that is worth the world to me," he says. "It's a feeling that no other feeling can compare to." This is only the second time Iraq has qualified for the World Cup - the first was in 1986.
But getting a visa is proving difficult. And Adnan is not alone. Fans from more than a quarter of the countries taking part in the World Cup are facing travel bans, tighter restrictions or high visa rejection rates, analysis of travel data by the BBC World Service shows.
However, Iraq is not on Trump's travel ban list, so in Adnan's case, the obstacle was an unexpected one. After the start of the US-Israel war with Iran, the US suspended routine consular services in Iraq due to concerns about security in the region. This means there is nowhere in the country where Adnan and other Iraqi fans can get visas, as they have to attend an in-person interview.
So Adnan travelled to neighbouring Jordan to try to get a visa at the US embassy there. But when he arrived for his appointment, staff told him that because he wasn't a Jordanian citizen, that embassy could not give him a visa. The tickets for the match and the trip to Jordan cost him about $1,800 (£1,300).
Adnan considered applying for a visa in Turkey, but the process could take up to two weeks, he decided that he couldn't spend that much time away from home. He has given up on trying to get a visa.
Fans from several countries have told the BBC World Service that other obstacles are also causing widespread anger and upset. One of the barriers is President Trump's list with bans and greater restrictions on visas for certain countries, including four competing at the World Cup - Haiti, Iran, Senegal and Ivory Coast. This means their citizens are barred from receiving the type of visitor visa that US authorities recommend for fans.
Strict immigration policies and a clampdown on undocumented migrants were a key part of Trump's re-election campaign in 2024. US authorities say their system needs to be rigorous due to the challenges they face in managing the huge flow of people that cross the country's borders.
Julien Kouadio Adonis from the Ivory Coast's fan association says: "It's a form of segregation that doesn't dare speak its name, but the proof is there. No European country has faced this kind of restriction. Why Africa?" His association normally sends a group of fans to the World Cup but decided not to bother even trying to go to the US because of the regulations.
Although he is relieved they will avoid what he called "exorbitant" ticket prices, Adonis believes a country that doesn't want to welcome supporters from qualifying teams shouldn't be allowed to host the World Cup. "Football is a spectacle and a spectacle needs people watching," he says.
Forty-two generally wealthier countries benefit from a visa waiver programme, where applications are made online through the US's Electronic System for Travel Authorization (Esta). This costs about $40 (£30). There are no African countries on this list.
The visa that the US recommends for World Cup fans who need one costs $185 (£137) and applicants must attend an in-person interview. The State Department says they must demonstrate "your intent to depart the United States after your trip, and/ or your ability to pay all costs of the trip".
However, in May the US announced it would drop the requirement for deposits of up to $15,000 (£11,000) for people from World Cup qualifying countries Algeria, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Senegal and Tunisia, provided they have valid World Cup tickets. Supporters from Senegal and Ivory Coast had to secure visas before December, after which the restrictions began.
Senegalese fan Aliou Ngom has been to the last two World Cups in Qatar and Russia. For him, one of the highlights of the tournament is seeing "cultures coming together from all over the world". A training camp in the US for Senegal's women's basketball team was cancelled last year when several players were denied a visa, and like Adonis, Ngom thought there was little point him applying for a visa as a fan.
BBC analysis of US State Department data found that the visa rejection rate for citizens of 11 of the 48 countries that have qualified for the World Cup was higher than 40%. This includes applicants of all kinds, not just World Cup hopefuls. That compares to an average rejection rate for B1 business and B2 tourist visa applications – the type recommended for fans going to the tournament - from all countries of 34%.
The data covers the year from October 2024 to the end of September 2025, so does not take in football fans who applied in the last eight months. The 11 countries are Ecuador, Egypt, Haiti, Algeria, Uzbekistan, Cape Verde, Jordan, Iran, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana and Senegal.
With a high rejection rate, it is hard for fans from these countries to know whether to risk spending a lot of money on match tickets before applying for a visa, which they might not get. If they do buy tickets directly from Fifa, they can resell them on the Fifa website for a fee if they need and can use the Fifa Pass system to speed up the visa application process.
"Fifa Pass is a positive step because it tries to move ticket holders into priority visa interview appointments," says Celine Atallah, who runs an immigration law firm based near Boston in Massachusetts. But she adds that while it makes the process faster, it doesn't make it any more likely a visa will be approved.